Co-benefits Approach

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Based on the Statement of Intent on Cooperation for the Co-benefits Approach addressing Climate Change and Environmental Improvement which was concluded between the Ministry of the Environment, Japan and the Ministry of Environmental Protection, China in December, 2007, Co-benefits cooperation is being carried forward between Japan and China with Panzhihua city, Sichuan as a model city. In the workshop this time, aiming at the further implementation of China-Japan Co-benefits cooperation, Japan side introduced the latest information of the international discussion on Co-benefits including the current negotiation in the related working groups of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)after the concept of Co-benefits and the research and the cooperation related to Co-benefits which Japan has conducted were reported. Furthermore, the applicable technology and the example of the Co-benefits type project which is inevitable when the concrete Co-benefits type project is aimed to be built and conducted were shown, and at the same time, “Co-benefits Platform” framework was introduced in order to prompt the progress of future Co-benefits cooperation.

• Ms.Guomei Zhou (Deputy Director, Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy (PRCEE), MEP, China)
• Mr.Hideaki Koyanagi (Director, Sino-Japan Cooperation Project Office, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies(IGES))

• Mr.Hirofumi Aizawa (Deputy Director, International Cooperation Promotion Office for Environmental Management & Policy and Coordination Division, Environmental Management Bureau,Ministry of Environment, Japan)
• Mr.Makoto Kato (Principal Researcher, Overseas Environmental Cooperation Center (OECC))
• Ms.Liping Li (Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy (PRCEE), MEP, China)
• Mr.Kazuhito Yamada (Registered Consulting Engineer, General Manager, Global Environment Department, Pacific Consultants CO., LTD.)
• Mr.Tetsuro Fujitsuka (Senior Advisor, Kansai Research Center, Institute of Global Environmental Strategies (IGES))
• Mr.Tao Hu (Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy (PRCEE), MEP, China)
• Mr.Taiji Nakazato (Deputy Director, China Office, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA))
• Mr.Haoyu Li (Panzhihua City Environmental Monitoring Station)

• Mr.Dingding Tang / Director, Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection
• Mr.Tokuya Wada / Director, Office for International Cooperation, Environmental Management Bureau, Ministry of the Environment
• Mr.Xianfeng Wu / Director, Division of Air Pollutants, Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP), China

• Background of Discussion on Co-benefit and Japanese Cooperation
  Mr.Hirofumi Aizawa, Deputy Director, International Cooperation Promotion Office for Environmental Management & Policy and Coordination Division, Environmental Management Bureau,Ministry of Environment, Japan
• International Stream on Co-benefit
  Mr.Makoto Kato, Principal Researcher, Overseas Environmental Cooperation Center (OECC)
• Progress of Co-benefit Study in China
  Ms.Liping Li, Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy (PRCEE), MEP
• Technical Perspective of Co-benefit Approach
  Mr.Kazuhito Yamada, Registered Consulting Engineer, General Manager, Global Environment Department, Pacific Consultants CO., LTD.
• Establishment of Co-benefit Platform
  Mr.Tetsuro Fujitsuka, Senior Advisor, Kansai Research Center, Institute of Global Environmental Strategies (IGES)
• Co-benefit and Synergetic Control Approach
  Mr.Tao Hu, Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy (PRCEE), MEP
• Development of Japanese Official Development Assistance (ODA) and Co-benefit Cooperation
  Mr.Taiji Nakazato, Deputy Director, China Office, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
• Co-benefit Project in Panzhihua City
  Mr.Haoyu Li, Panzhihua City Environmental Monitoring Station

• Background of Discussion on Co-benefit and Japanese Cooperation
  Mr.Hirofumi Aizawa, Deputy Director, International Cooperation Promotion Office for Environmental Management & Policy and Coordination Division, Environmental Management Bureau,
  Co-benefits approach covers the challenging i.e. mitigation of climate change and achievement of the needs of development and pollution control in developing countries at the same time. Especially, it is said that pollution control which has high-needs in developing countries has high possibility to contribute to mitigationof climate change. Regarding the Co-benefits approach which Japan is now promoting, there are two business categories, one of which is the bilateral cooperation project between Japan and China, and between Japan and Indonesia and the other is Co-benefits CDM model project which Japan adopted two projects with Malaysia and with Thailand as the granted project to private enterprise in the first year in 2008. As the future prospects, it is raised that the implementation of the concrete challenging as the Asia-centered, research and spread of Co-benefits technology, adjustment of Co-benefits evaluation method, and input to international negotiation related to climate change.
• International Stream on Co-benefit
  Mr.Makoto Kato /Principal Researcher, Overseas Environmental Cooperation Center (OECC)
  Issue of promoting co-benefits is covered at two tracks in the current climate change negotiations; AWG-LCA (the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long term Cooperative Action) and AWG-KP (the Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol. UNFCCC COP15 and COP/MOP5 will be held at Copenhagen, Denmark in December, 2009. Post-2012 framework is expected to be made through several conventions. As articulated in Bali Action Plan adopted UNFCC COP13 in 2007, NAMAs (Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions) was made to conduct in the future. Specific plan and implementation method were recognized as a main topic and the co-benefits approach is regarded as effective method to beef up and to expand scale of Mitigation Action for developing countries.
• Progress of Co-benefit Study in China
  Ms.Liping Li / Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy (PRCEE), MEP
  Co-benefit research in China has emerged under the cooperation with the United States in 1999. China has conducted a variety of researches not only of their own development but also of international cooperation, urban related issue and project-based research. The research of co-benefit in China can be divided into four stages. First stage is the period (prior to 1999) when China handled climate change and environmental pollution separately. Second stage is the time for the evaluation of co-benefit approach (1999~2004). Third stage is the period of policy evaluation (2004~2006) and four stage is the stage which upgrades the concept of co-benefit up to synergetic control. Action item in the near future is to deepen research of co-benefit approach, to execute co-benefit oriented business plan and to attain low-carbon socioeconomy.
• Technical Perspective of the Co-benefit Approach
  Mr.Kazuhito Yamada/Registered Consulting Engineer, General Manager, Global Environment Department, Pacific Consultants CO., LTD.
  As far as achievement support toward sustainable development is concerned, quantification method has not been designed well in spite of the fact that calculation method of GHG by CDM Quantification has been completed and clarified well. In some cases developing countries put more importance on the achievement support toward sustainable development, so called Co-benefit achievement which leads problem solving in the developing countries. In order to promote formation and implementation of Co-benefit oriented countermeasure of climate change, it is required to recognize and quantify Co-benefit as well as the effect of GHG reduction. In addition, it would be possible to promote implementation of the countermeasure by rendering incentive based on the effect of Co-benefit. UNFCCC is being discussing the method of how to render incentive for Co-benefit oriented countermeasure of climate change. Furthermore it is also important to establish method of Co-benefit quantification about development plan in development countries, so called the quantification of the effect of development plan itself in order to maximize the effect of Co-benefit.
• Establishment of a Co-benefit Platform
  Mr.Tetsuro Fujitsuka/ Senior Advisor, Kansai Research Center, Institute of Global Environmental Strategies (IGES)
  Environmental pollution is one the most urgent topics to tackle. It would be effective to form and implement countermeasure based on Co-benefit approach as alleviation of environmental pollution. Japanese advanced technology and know-how need to be took advantage of through wide and subjective alliance and core organization. It is well-known that IGES (Kansai center) has not only a variety of enterprises, industries and technologies but also tradition which creates new commodities and services. IGES (kansai center) has strong point which lead to integrates knowledge and culture in terms of location as well. It is essential to promote human asset training, discovery of new technology, technology transfer and dissemination of Co-benefit technology with strengthening ties with municipal corporations, industries, universities, UNEP/IETC, JICA/UN (ADB etc).
• Co-benefit and Synergetic Control Approach
  Mr.Tao Hu/Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy (PRCEE), MEP
  China and Norway has been implementing synergetic control project of air pollution and GHG toward low sulfur and low carbon typed “12th Five-Year Plan” and “13th Five-Year Plan”.
  One of the goals of this project is to conduct synergetic control of the front-ends of fossil energy oriented pollutant source through policy making and technology selection and to attain the maximization of the effect of co-benefit and minimization of the cost of total discharge reduction. Another goal of it is to make detail-orientated plan about synergetic control of saving energy and the discharge reduction of GHG through macro analysis of environment and economy, and designing discharge reduction of products, and local pilot model, and to conduct policy proposition about 12th Five-Year Plan and 13th Five-Year Plan.
• Development of Japan’s Official Development Assistance(ODA) and Co-benefit Cooperation
  Mr.Taiji Nakazato/Deputy Director, China Office, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
  Japan has extended total 33 billion US$ of ODA to China since 1979 until now. In which, 30billion US$ which is equivalent to 90% of total ODA has been extended to 367 projects in every province as yen loan. Most of them were provided to construction project for infrastructure development. Regarding the projects which the reduction of Green House Gases (GHG) can be expected, JICA has tried to quantify the Co-benefits. Although it is ex-post calculation, now JICA is conducting the quantitative evaluation of GHG reduction effect by the project which includes yen loan projects in China 30 years ago. The future plan of Co-benefits related approach by JICA, first, are to quantify Co-benefits evaluation of all the projects of yen loan within the year of 2009, and to report to the related department in China in order to take advantage of planning Co-benefits policy in China in the future. Second approach is to achieve the formation and the implementation of technology cooperation projects which is related to Co-benefits. More concretely, JICA is thinking to adjust the evaluation methods of Co-benefits, share the concrete examples of Co-benefits approach and communicate with regional department of environmental protection and cultivate the human resources.
• Co-benefit Project in Panzhihua City
  Mr.Haoyu Li/Panzhihua CityMonitoring Station
  Panzhihua city is now in a transition stage of socio economic, and there exists obvious contradiction between development and environmental pollution. This kind of characteristics is common among the cities in the middle west of China. Based on this background, Panzhihua city thinks it is profitable to learn Japan’s experience and know-how of environmental management. China-Japan Co-benefits cooperation which is being conducted is aiming at ensuring the benefits for both China and Japan, and at solving various environmental problems which China is now facing. It is meaningful to conduct basic research with aiming the reduction of both environmental pollution and GHG emissions, so that Panzhihua city can saving resources and can develop as environmental-friendly and sustainable resource development type city.