3.Co-benefits climate change mitigation measures and CDM in the waste management

This matrix classifies examples of outstanding activities involving integrated improvement of waste management and climate change mitigation (good practices) by countermeasure and scheme in order to gain an overview of such activities. Using the matrix, we shall seek to identify areas in which priority approaches are required. It expected that each example of countermeasures appearing in the matrix will serve as a reference, in combination with the “catalog for identification of Co-benefits projects” and “evaluation tools for calculation of co-benefit,” and be applied to project identification and planning.Good practices” refer to projects or other undertakings (including program-type approaches, such as implementation of a policy or master plan) that have a direct effect in improving waste managemnt. Good practices target regions that were polluted prior to project implementation and/or regions that are expected to become polluted in the future. Criteria for selecting a good practice are “the project demonstrates effects that exceed certain levels in terms of both improvement of problems associated with air pollution, water pollution and waste magement and reduction of greenhouse gases(GHG); it is stably implemented; and it is matched to regional conditions and needs.

  GHG reduction is main objective Hybrid Goal other than GHG reduction is main objective
CDM Hybrid-based approaches to CDM and other measures* Traditional ODA Development projects by developing countries themselves Policy measures, etc.
CDM Program CDM Combination of private business-led CDM (including PoA) and other funds (especially ODA and other public funds) ODA Other
Private sector Private sector Central government Local government Private sector Development assistance Public organization Central government Local government Development assistance Public organization Central government Central government Local government
Generation, storage, emission, sorting / resource recovery Reduction of waste volume Effective use of resources Avoidance of pollution risk caused by hazardous waste Central government, local government, private sector －
  • Composting of organic urban waste and food manufacturing residue
  • Comprehensive measures for waste management
  • Support for building of recycle systems [support for building of effective resource use models/support for recycle-based industrial parks]
  • Composting of organic urban waste and food manufacturing residue
  • Formulation of master plans, etc.
Collection, transport Prevention of disposal and outdoor piling Increased transport efficiency Local government, private sector －
  • Diffusion of low-GHG-emitting collection vehicles
  • Comprehensive measures for waste management
  • Diffusion of low-GHG-emitting collection vehicles/establishment of infrastructure for low-GHG-emitting vehicles
  • Improvement of waste collection systems
  • Provision of low-emission collection vehicles
  • Capacity building and public awareness
  • Support for building of recycle systems (support for building of effective resource use models/support for recycle-based industrial parks)
  • Improvement of waste collection systems
  • Provision of low-emission collection vehicles
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t		 Appropriate treatment Hazardous waste De-toxification Local government, private sector － － －
  • Formulation of master plans, etc.
  • Comprehensive measures for waste management
 －
Recycling Avoidance / recovery and use of methane emissions Agricultural residue, organic mud, etc. Improved sanitation Prevention of odors Prevention of water pollution Controlled use of fossil fuels Prevention of air pollution
Energy use Organic waste, etc. Reduction of waste Improved sanitation Prevention of water pollution Controlled use of fossil fuels
  • Establishment of recycling systems
  • Comprehensive measures for waste management
  • Ethanol fermentation/bio-ethanol
  • Gasification
 － －
Conversion into fuel Inorganic mud, urban waste, etc. Air quality control through reduced incineration volume Reduction of waste Improved sanitation and prevention of odors － －
Combustion, etc. Prevention of odors, etc. Improved sanitation Energy recovery Prevention of soil and air pollution (Necessity of sorting and collection)
  • Use of waste heat
  • Use of power generation
  • Use of waste heat
  • Use of power generation
  • Use of hot-water supply
  • Use of waste heat
  • Use of power generation
  • Use of hot-water supply
 －
  • Establishment of waste incineration facilities
Final disposal Semiaerobic landfill Early landfill stability Prevention of water quality Improved sanitation Local government, private sector
  • Control of methane gas emissions through conversion to semiaerobic system
 －
  • Conversion to semiaerobic system
  • Development of human resources to work in waste management
  • Establishment of disposal sites and conversion to semiaerobic systems
  • Establishment of wastewater treatment for seeping water
  • Development of human resources to work in waste management
  • Establishment of disposal sites
  • Establishment of wastewater treatment for seeping water
Anaerobic landfill Energy recovery Prevention of water quality Improved sanitation Prevention of fires and gas explosions － － －

※While, in essence, CDM is a project-based approach, it is expected to be implemented in combination with ODA and other approaches to generate collective effects.
※Items in parentheses are projects that, while not implemented in the past or present, can be envisioned for the future.
※PoA (Program of Activities) is a set of activities undertaken through the CDM host country’s policies and measures or by a private-sector interest or public organization that coordinates and implements efforts toward clear objectives. Among the activities are individual activities to reduce emissions.
※In addition to project-based approaches, good practices include activities to reduce emissions based on programs and formulation of basic policies.