Co-benefits Approach

1.Co-benefits climate change mitigation measures and CDM in the water quality management

This matrix classifies examples of outstanding activities involving integrated improvement measures for water quality improvement and climate change mitigation (good practice) by countermeasure and scheme in order to gain an overview of such activities. Using the matrix, we shall seek to identify areas in which priority approaches are required. It is expected that each example of countermeasures appearing in the matrix will serve as a reference, in combination with the “catalog for identification of Co-benefits Projects” and “evaluation tools for calculation of co-benefit,” and be applied to project identification and planning.Good practices” refer to projects or other undertakings (including program-type approaches, such as implementation of a policy or master plan) that have a direct effect in improving water quality. Good practices target regions that were polluted prior to project implementation and/or regions that are expected to become polluted in the future. Criteria for selecting a good practice are “the project demonstrates effects that exceed certain levels in terms of both improvement of problems associated with air pollution, water pollution and waste managemnt and reduction of greenhouse gases(GHG); it is stably implemented; and it is matched to regional conditions and needs

Blue text (or italic font): Currently not implemented projects to be planned and implemented in the future
Green : Projects/programs that can be studied as co-benefits climate change measures or CDM
Red : Currently implemented projects to be continued into the future
Underlined part : click the underlined part in the matrix to see quick reference of each project

				GHG reduction is main objective		Hybrid	Goal other than GHG reduction is main objective
				CDM		Hybrid-based approaches to CDM and other measures	Traditional ODA Development projects by developing countries themselves Policy measures, etc.
				CDM	Program CDM	Combination of private business-led CDM (including PoA) and other funds (especially ODA and other public funds)	ODA	Other
				Private sector, etc.	Private sector Central government Local government	Private sector Development assistance Public organization Central government Local government	Development assistance Public organizations Central government	Central government Local government Public sector, etc.
Non-point source	Rivers, irrigation canals, lakes and marshes		Central government, local government	－	－	Formulation of master plans, etc. Reduced contaminated water through collection of pollution fees Control of methane as a result of dredging/sludge recovery	Recovery of sludge from river bottoms (methane control Recovery and use of methane from sludge recovered from river bottoms	Recovery of sludge from river bottoms (methane control) Recovery and use of methane from sludge recovered from river bottoms
Point source	Related to daily living	Sewage management (domestic wastewater, human waste)	Central government, local government	－	Biodisgester use that applies PoA, etc. Energy conservation in treatment facilities Aerobic biological treatment Volume reduction and recycling	Construction of sewage treatment plants and recovery of sludge methane Energy conservation in treatment facilities Aerobic biological treatment Volume reduction and recycling	Construction of sewage treatment plants and recovery & use of sludge methane Recovery and use of methane from sludge only Energy conservation in sewage treatment facilities	Construction of sewage treatment plants and recovery & use of sludge methane Recovery and use of methane from sludge Energy conservation in sewage treatment facilities
	Related to daily living	Comprehensive measures for sewage management	Central government, local government	－	Biodisgester using PoA, etc. ntroduction of watershed contamination measures that apply PoA	Formulation of master plans, etc.	Total pollutant load control for COD, etc. Reduction of contaminated water through introduction of economic measures based on establishment of charges, etc. Assistance in formulation and implementation of master plans	Total pollutant load control for BOD/COD, etc. Reduction of wastewater through introduction of economic measures based on establishment of charges, etc. Formulation and implementation of master plans
	Related to factories	General industrial wastewater management	Central government, local government	－	Introduction of factory wastewater treatment measures that apply PoA Aerobic biological treatment	Formulation of master plans, etc. Aerobic biological treatment	Assistance in establishment of laws and measures, such as water contamination laws Assistance in introduction and implementation of total pollutant load control for BOD/COD, etc.	Reduction of wastewater through introduction of economic measures based on establishment of charges, etc. Formulation of master plans, etc.
		Paper manufacturing	Private sector	Processing of pulp residue and recovery and use of methane Recovery of black liquor and replacement of fossil fuels	Introduction of factory wastewater measures that apply PoA	Processing of pulp residue and recovery and use of methane Recovery of black liquor and replacement of fossil fuels	Recovery of black liquor and replacement of fossil fuels	Recovery of methane from pulp residue
		Food processing	Private sector	Recovery of residue from food-processing wastewater, recovery and use of methane (beer and sake brewing, tapioca manufacturing, etc.) Recovery and use of biomass/biofuels from food-processing residue Energy conservation through reduced water use in production processes (sake brewing, etc.)	Introduction of factory wastewater measures that apply PoA	Recovery of residue from food-processing wastewater, recovery and use of methane Recovery of biomass/biofuels from food-processing residue Energy conservation through reduced water use in production processes	Recovery of residue from food-processing wastewater, recovery and use of methane Recovery of biomass/biofuels from food-processing residue Energy conservation through reduced water use in production processes (review of production processes, introduction of membrane treatment technology, etc.)	－
		Textiles, coke manufacturing, rubber products, tanning	Private sector	－	Introduction of factory wastewater measures that apply PoA	－	－	－
		Petrochemical industry	Private sector	－	Introduction of factory wastewater measures that apply PoA Introduction of energy-conservation technologies that apply PoA	－	－	－
	Related to livestock	Wastewater from livestock farm	Private sector	Reduced methane and/or recovery and use of methane by changing processes for treating wastewater from livestock farms	Reduced methane and/or recovery and use of methane by changing processes for treating wastewater from livestock farms	Reduced methane and/or recovery and use of methane by changing processes for treating wastewater from livestock farms	Reduced methane and/or recovery and use of methane by changing processes for treating wastewater from livestock farms	－

※While, in essence, CDM is a project-based approach, it is expected to be implemented in combination with ODA and other approaches to generate collective effects.
※Items in parentheses are projects that, while not implemented in the past or present, can be envisioned for the future.
※PoA (Program of Activities) is a set of activities undertaken through the CDM host country’s policies and measures or by a private-sector interest or public organization that coordinates and implements efforts toward clear objectives. Among the activities are individual activities to reduce emissions.
※In addition to project-based approaches, good practices include activities to reduce emissions based on programs and formulation of basic policies.

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